Kishore department of chemical engineering, indian institute of technology, new delhi, india tata energy research institute, new delhi, india received 28 june 1986 evaporative cooling systems are commonly used in countries where the climate is hot and dry. When the hydrogel is attached to a heat source, it can achieve efficient evaporative cooling while simultaneously converting a portion of the waste heat into electricity. Evaporative cooling evaporative cooling is a thermodynamic process in which hot and humid air passes over a wet surface, thus water evaporates due to hot air and latent heat is gained by air at the expense of sensible heat thereby its temperature is reduced. An evaporative cooler is a device that cools air through the evaporation of water. Theoretical performance analysis of direct evaporative cooler in hot and dry climates ibrahim u. For steam humidifiers, this energy typically comes from the electricity or gas being used to boil the water. Direct evaporative solutions include datadek evaporative pads, an advanced version of glasdek the most popular range of evaporative cooling pads in the world. Implementation of natural downdraft evaporative cooling devices. Experimental study on two type of indirect evaporative cooling heat. The cooled air is circulated by a blower direct evaporative cooling adds moisture to the air stream until the air stream is close to saturation. Evaporative cooling is a widely employed cost reduction cooling system across data centers that provide an economical as well as thermally stable temperature control system. Abstractairconditioning plays an essential role in ensuring. Data obtained from a numerical solution of a boundaryvalue problem for a system of ordinary differential equations are presented in the form of graphs. There are four main types of evaporative cooling technologies.
To evaporate 1kg of water into an atmosphere, 680w of energy is required. Principles and application of evaporative cooling systems for. Design of new evaporative cooler and usage of different. Furnish proof satisfactory to the owner or his representative, of. Dec 02, 2011 why evaporative cooling of data centers is important and how it can help reduce energy consumption and pue. In a direct ec, outside air is drawn through wetted filter pads, where the hot, dry air is cooled by the latent heat of evaporation. Youve probably experienced the effects of evaporative cooling if youve. Transforming cooling optimization for green data center via deep reinforcement learning yuanlong li, yonggang wen, kyle guan, and dacheng tao abstractcooling system plays a critical role in a modern data center dc. There is no change in heat content and the energy is merely converted from sensible energy to latent energy. What is data center evaporative cooling swamp cooling. Building energy analysis program that can predict the energy use and cost for all types of buildings.
When sweat evaporates from the skin, a large amount of heat is required. The motivation behind the work in veryhighlevel languages is to ease the programming task by providing the programmer with a language containing. Psychrometric bin analysis for alternative cooling. Based on the data, a pdf file is generated that can be printed out for the project or sent by. Transforming cooling optimization for green data center. Evaporative cooling design guidelines manual for new mexico schools and. How free is evaporative cooling in the data center green.
Evaluation of evaporative cooling systems in industrial buildings article pdf available in international journal of heat and technology 333. Evaporative cooling is a reliable, lowtech method to provide cooler air during hot weather. Evaporative cooling is a type of environment cooling techniques that cools the surrounding air using water evaporation technique. Evaporative cooling ec, also known as swamp cooling, is a strategy for cooling air that takes advantage of the drop in temperature that occurs when water thats exposed to moving air begins to vaporize and change to gas. Evaporative cooling in evaporative cooling process, both temperature and humidity of air changes along the lines of constant wet bulb temperature shown as line ab. Heat recovery ventilator is a feasible way to ease the contradiction between indoor. A new approach to analysis and optimization of evaporative cooling system i. As such, data center operators are pursuing various strategies to increase their data center cooling efficiency. Direct evaporative cooling systems is a technology which involves adiabatic humidification and cooling of air with supplementary heat exchange facilities to lower final air temperature and try to reduce relative humidity. Thermodynamic fundamentals of indirectevaporative air cooling.
The paper also covers an introduction to direct evaporative cooling and the methodology and data analysis used to derive the cooling potential. Evaporative cooling in data centers data center news, trend. The air cooling process, utilizing its sensible ptd, could easily be realized in the indirect evaporative air coolers, where, the ambient airstream flowing along the dry side of the heat transfer surface of the energy exchanger is usually cooled by another auxiliary. The evaporative cooler was tested and evaluated using. This paper is an attempt to theoretically analyse the performance of direct evaporative cooler in hot and dry climate with kano being the study area. It will consist of the component parts as listed in the following sections. Data center cooling refers to the collective equipment, tools, techniques and processes that ensure an ideal operating temperature within a data center facility. The first step is to write a program which solves the problem but which runs on an abstract machine, one which pro vides just those data objects and operations. This manual is intended to be used as a tool for the design of successful and efficient evaporative cooling systems and will allow engineers to specify and design evaporative cooling systems with confidence. Evaporative cooling or adiabatic cooling or evaporative adiabatic cooling in the context with data center cooling describes all the same.
Principles and application of evaporative cooling systems. Design of compact evaporative cooler to improve cooling. Thermodynamic fundamentals of indirectevaporative air. Abstract iii workingtointake air ratio should be adjusted to 0. E odoc adepartment of agricultural and bioresources engineering, university of nigeria, nsukka bdepartment of nursing science, university of maiduguri, borno state, nigeria. When evaporation occurs, this heat is taken from the water that remains in the liquid state. When warm, dry unsaturated air is pulled through a watersoaked pad, water is evaporated and is absorbed as water vapor into the air. Evaporative cooler engineering specification 598 1. The second type, often called a closedcircuit cooling tower, involves indirect contact between. Addressing water consumption of evaporative coolers with. Abstract a solar powered evaporative cooling system of 0.
The concept of evaporative cooling came from the sweating of our bodies. Pdf design and construction of an evaporative cooling. Transforming cooling optimization for green data center via. Ware houses or garages, and it may also be used outofdoors on portico or on work sites. Pdf evaluation of evaporative cooling systems in industrial. A mathematical model of evaporative cooling of water films flowing down vertical guards in a chimneytype watercooling tower is developed. Thermodynamic fundamentals of indirectevaporative air cooling alex tsymerman, ph. It is used in data center and large it facilities to provide air cooling conditioning services. Stainless steel integral cooling tower with submersible type pump. Examples include the space shuttle, the apollo command and service. The evaporative cooling module shall be selfcontained. We will use the term functional abstraction to denote those ab stract operations which do not belong to any char acterizing set.
Assuming a penetration of highefficiency evaporative coolers in efficient new homes built in the. Results of a qualitative analysis of the nonlinear mathematical model are reported. The systems design was based upon the humidifying capacity of an ultrasonic humidifier supplied by a quebec company, plastique frapa inc. Types of evaporative cooling evaporative cooling works by employing waters large. The concept and implementation of free cooling dates back millennia, with porous clay vessels full of water placed in rooms, or egyptians and persians using windcatchers, passing the air through subterranean water stores and back into buildings. However, active and passive cooling strategies have not been adequately examined in a. Installing an evaporative cooling system is an alternative method of using an air conditioning system that pumps refrigerant through compression and evaporative cycles. Programming with abstract data types acm sigplan notices. Design of ii stage evaporative cooling system for residential. Principles and application of evaporative cooling systems for fruits and vegetables preservation j. A novel approach using predictive models for performance.
The figure showing the salt lake city weather data represents the typical. Moreover, the hydrogel can absorb water from the surrounding air to regenerate its water content later on. Proper data center cooling ensures that the data center is supplied with enough cooling and ventilation necessary to keep all devices and equipment within the desired temperature range. The obtained data showed that the saturation efficiency decreases with. Evaporative cooling in data centers data center news. Design and operating characteristics of evaporative. The principle underlying evaporative cooling is the fact that water must have heat applied to it to change from a liquid to a vapor. A passive downdraft evaporative cooling pdec tower is a component that is designed to capture the wind at the top of a tower and cool the outdoor air using water evaporation.
While several different types of this particular system exist, pdec tower with spray was studied in. Common cooling tower nomenclature, components and terminology. The evaporative cooler was tested and evaluated using tomato roma. Evaporative cooling is also known as swamp cooling, desert cooling and wet air cooling.
Mestex ignite presentation about their solution to data center cooling. This is the result of the relationship between the cold work generated by the evaporative cooling and the pump work required for the evaporation water and the ventilator work to overcome the airside loss of pressure of the evaporative cooling system. They showed that the cooling capacity in the second stage is directly influenced by the variation of dehumidification capacity of the first stage, which is. Duan, zhiyin 2011 investigation of a novel dew point. Common types of cooling tower natural, forced and induced. Thermogalvanic hydrogel for synchronous evaporative.
Theory qun chena,b, kangding yanga, moran wangc, ning panb, zengyuan guoa akey laboratory for thermal science and power engineering of ministry of education, department of engineering mechanics, tsinghua university, beijing 84, china b biological and agricultural engineering department, university of california. We observe that a consequence of the concept of abstract data types is that most of the abstract op erations in a program will belong to the sets of op erations characterizing abstract types. Developing an optimal control policy for dc cooling system is a challenging task. The first of these, the directcontact or open cooling tower figure 3, ex poses water directly to the cooling atmosphere, thereby transferring the source heat load directly to the air. Performance analysis of an indirect evaporative cooling. Also, indirect components can be combined with refrigerated air conditioning to achieve very high. Abstract evaporative cooling is an energy efficient and environmentally friendly air conditioning technology. Evaporative cooling either direct or indirect systems use evaporated water to supplement the availability of economizer cooling or more efficient refrigerantbased cooling. The technical properties of datadek have been specially developed to meet the demanding requirements of modern data center design. Additional data such as latitude, longitude and elevation above sea level are also built into the weather file.
Course contents evaporative coolers, often called swamp coolers, are cooling systems that use only water and a blower to circulate air. According to the principle evaporative cooling can. Though evaporative cooling has been commercially used in homes and offices for sometime now, their implementation across data centers was very recent. First cunningham and thomson 1986 built an experimental tower in arizona, in the u. Direct evaporative cooling systems typically have wetbulb effectiveness on the order of 80%90% and will reduce cooling system energy use over a standard aircooled crac unit by 70% in low wetbulb regions.
Some of our calculators and applications let you save application data to your local computer. Advances in the application of passive downdraft evaporative. Direct indirect with direct evaporative cooling, outside air is blown through a watersaturated medium usually cellulose and cooled by evaporation. Student 2assistant professor 1,2shri sad vidya mandal institute of technology, bharuch392001, gujarat, india abstractthis paper aims to improve the performance of. Both parts comprise of numerous pairs of channel stacked together. Portable coolers cool small places or rooms, generally up to 300 square feet. The first window for the storage chamber and heat load data.
The rate of evaporative cooling is a function of both humidity and air movement. Easycool is a completely integrated evaporative cooling system designed to solve, in a quick and easy way, temperature problems in environmental controlled situations, such as tunnel ventilation in poultry and swine structures and, climate control in greenhouses and cooling systems for hatcheries. While several different types of this particular system exist, pdec tower with spray was studied in that it is flexible, efficient, and prevalent. The temperature of dry air can be dropped significantly through the phase transition of liquid water to water vapor, which requires much less energy than refrigeration. Cool boss uses the direct cooling method, so its arguably one of the most costeffective air coolers available. Mathematical modeling of evaporative cooling of water. Indirect evaporative cooling iec system has widely been used as a low energyconsuming device for various cooling and airconditioning applications in industrial, agricultural and residential sectors for providing lowtemperature medium fluid i. The equipment operates on the principle of evaporative cooling and increasing the relative hu midity rh in the preservation.
Direct and indirect evaporative cooling strategies. Design and operating characteristics of evaporative cooling. International journal of engineering research and general. This data will allow gas turbine operators to easily make an assessment of the economics of evaporative fogging. Evaporative cooler types evaporative coolers cool boss. Evaporative cooling occurs when warm and unsaturated air is. Another form of free cooling can be provided via a direct evaporative cooling unit. Whether youre looking for a portable evaporative air cooler a. Water evaporates and the air temperature decreases. Santamouris 2007 mentioned further research done on dects. On the other hand, the indirect cooling method allows industrial spaces, restaurants or other businesses to cool their spaces to temperatures that are lower than those offered by portable swamp coolers like cool boss. Nov 04, 2015 evaporative cooling or adiabatic cooling or evaporative adiabatic cooling in the context with data center cooling describes all the same.
By which evaporative cooling was optimized to gain maximum cooling and humidification. A new approach to analysis and optimization of evaporative. Free cooling concepts for data centers cooling costs can account for more than half of a data centers total annualized operating cost as energy costs and it power consumption continue to rise. Pdf computer simulation of evaporative cooling storage system. Common cooling tower designs wet, dry, crossflow, counterflow, mechanical, natural, direct, indirect. Projected benefits of new residential evaporative cooling. Types of cooling towers two basic types of evaporative cooling devices are used.
Design and operating characteristics of evaporative cooling systems s. Performance analysis of an indirect evaporative cooling system using m cycle devang s. Why evaporative cooling of data centers is important and how it can help reduce energy consumption and pue. This paper is an attempt to theoretically analyse the performance of direct evaporative. These applications will due to browser restrictions send data between your browser and our server. It is also concluded that the dew point system is suitable for most regions with dry, mild and hot climate. For inlet air, there are options such as implementing the total fresh air or a mixture.
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